Older brother, younger brother, older sister, younger sister. Often referred to collectively as 「きょうだい」 regardless of gender.
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N5去年きょねん
The year before this year. In formal settings, 「さくねん」 (昨年) is also used.
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N5嫌いきらい
Not liking something. Example: 「嫌いな食べもの」 (a disliked food). The antonym is 「すき」 (like).
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N4, N5切るきる
cut. To divide something with scissors or a knife. Example: 「かみを切る」 (to cut paper). Also used to mean stopping something, as in 「電気を切る」 (to turn off electricity), 「電話を切る」 (to hang up the phone).
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N5着るきる
To put clothes on the body. Used for things worn on the upper body, such as shirts and jackets; 「はく」 is used for trousers and shoes. Same reading as 「切る」.
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N2, N5きれいきれい
Being beautiful. Example: 「きれいな花」 (a beautiful flower). Also used to mean not being dirty, as in 「きれいな手」 (clean hands). The kanji 「綺麗」 is usually written in hiragana in daily life.
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N5金曜日きんようび
Friday. A day of the week. The day after Thursday.
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N5九月くがつ
The 9th month of the year. It is read 「くがつ」, not 「きゅうがつ」.
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N5薬くすり
medicine. Something taken or applied to cure illness or injury. Used with the verb 「薬をのむ」 (to take medicine).
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N5口くち
mouth. The part of the face used to eat and to speak. It also refers to a place where things go in and out, as used in 「入口」 and 「出口」.
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N5曇りくもり
Weather in which the sky is covered with clouds. The antonym is 「はれ」 (clear weather).
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N2, N3, N5曇るくもる
For the sky to become full of clouds. Example: 「午後から曇る」 (it will become cloudy in the afternoon).
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N1, N3, N5暗いくらい
dark. Having little light, so things are hard to see. Example: 「暗いへや」 (a dark room). The antonym is 「明るい」 (bright).
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N2, N4, N5来るくる
come. For a person or thing to move toward where the speaker is. The antonym is 「行く」 (to go). The reading changes to 「こ」 or 「き」 in forms like 「来ない」 and 「来ます」.
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N5車くるま
car. A vehicle that carries people or things and runs on roads. Mainly refers to an automobile.
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N5黒くろ
black. The darkest color, like the night sky.
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N5黒いくろい
black. Being the color black. Example: 「黒いかみの毛」 (black hair).
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N5警官けいかん
Police officer. A person who does police work. Also called 「けいさつかん」「おまわりさん」.
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N5今朝けさ
This morning. Read as 「けさ」, not read according to the characters as written.
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N2, N5消すけす
To stop a burning fire or an electric light that is on. Example: 「電気を消す」 (to turn off the light). Also used to mean erasing written characters. When it goes out by itself, 「消える」 is used.
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N1, N5結構けっこう
A word used to politely decline, meaning "no thank you." Example: 「もう結構です」 (that's enough, thank you). Also used to mean "more than expected," as in 「結構おいしい」 (surprisingly delicious).
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N5結婚けっこん
marriage. Two people becoming a married couple. Example: 「結婚する」 (to get married).
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N5月曜日げつようび
Monday. A day of the week. The day after Sunday.
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N5玄関げんかん
The entrance area of a house or building. In Japanese homes, shoes are removed here.
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N5元気げんき
A state of being in good physical condition and full of energy. 「お元気ですか」 (how are you) is commonly used as a greeting.
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N5個こ
counter for small objects. A word for counting small, round things such as apples and eggs. いっこ・にこ・さんこ・よんこ・ごこ・ろっこ・ななこ・はっこ・きゅうこ・じゅっこ, 「なんこ」. With 1, 6, 8, and 10 a small 「っ」 is inserted.
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N5公園こうえん
park. A large open place anyone can enter to rest or play.
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N5交差点こうさてん
A place where roads cross. Often has a traffic light.
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N5紅茶こうちゃ
Tea with a reddish-brown color. Often drunk with milk or sugar.
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N5交番こうばん
A small building where a police officer is stationed. A place to ask for directions or report lost items.
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N2, N5声こえ
voice. A sound made from the mouth by a person or animal. Example: 「大きな声で話す」 (to speak in a loud voice).
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N5五月ごがつ
The 5th month of the year.
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N3, N5ここここ
A word referring to a place close to the speaker.
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N5午後ごご
afternoon. The time from noon until night. The antonym is 「午前」 (morning/before noon).
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N5九日ここのか
The 9th day of the month. Also, a period of 9 days. Read as "ここのか."
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N5九つここのつ
nine. The number 9 when counting things.
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N5午前ごぜん
The time from morning until noon. The antonym is 「午後」 (afternoon).
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N5答えるこたえる
answer. To respond to a question or problem with words or a sentence. Example: 「質問に答える」 (to answer a question).
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N5こちらこちら
A polite way of saying 「ここ」. Also used to refer to a person, as in 「こちらは田中さんです」.
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N5こっちこっち
A casual way of saying 「こちら」. Used in spoken language.
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N3, N5事こと
A word referring to a matter, or the content of a talk. Example: 「話す事」 (something to talk about), 「大事な事」 (an important matter). Very often written in hiragana as 「こと」.
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N5今年ことし
This year. Read as 「ことし」, not read according to the characters as written.
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N5言葉ことば
Something people use to convey feelings or thoughts through speaking or writing. Also used to mean a specific language, as in 「国のことば」 (the language of a country), such as Japanese or English.
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N3, N5子供こども
child. A young person. The opposite of an adult. Also used to mean one's own son or daughter. Often written as 「子ども」.
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N5このこの
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Used before a noun, as in 「この本」 (this book).
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N5御飯ごはん
Cooked rice. Also used to mean a meal, as in 「朝御飯」 (breakfast), 「御飯を食べる」 (to eat a meal). Usually written 「ご飯」 or 「ごはん」.
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N3, N5困るこまる
To not know what to do because of something unpleasant or difficult. Example: 「お金がなくて困る」 (troubled by not having money).
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N4, N5米こめ
rice. White grains grown in a paddy field, used as food. Usually cooked by boiling.
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N5これこれ
A word referring to something close to the speaker. Example: 「これは何ですか」 (what is this?).
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N5今月こんげつ
This month.
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