rarely. Almost (not). Followed by a negative form. Example: 「めったに風邪をひかない」 (rarely catches a cold).
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N2目安めやす
A standard or marker used to make a rough estimate.
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N3免許めんきょ
license. Official qualification permitting one to do something. Example: 「運転免許」 (driver's license).
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N2免除めんじょ
To grant permission that an obligation or burden need not be fulfilled.
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N3面接めんせつ
interview. Meeting someone directly to assess their character and ability, for school admission or employment, etc. Example: 「面接試験」 (interview exam).
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N3面倒めんどう
Something that takes effort and is unpleasant. Example: 「手続きが面倒だ」 (the procedure is troublesome). 「面倒を見る」 means "to take care of someone."
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N5もうもう
Already. The state in which something has finished or has reached that condition. 「もう食べました」(I have already eaten).
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N4申し上げるもうしあげる
A humble, polite way of saying 「言う」 (to say).
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N3申し込むもうしこむ
apply. To formally convey to another party one's intention to participate or make a contract, etc. Example: 「大会に申し込む」 (to apply/register for a tournament).
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N4申すもうす
A humble way of saying 「言う」 (to say).
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N3毛布もうふ
blanket. A thick woven blanket used when sleeping.
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N2猛烈もうれつ
A state in which momentum or degree is extremely intense. 「猛」 means wild and intense, 「烈」 means strong and intense, a word emphasizing intensity by combining characters of the same meaning. Used widely from natural phenomena to human activity, emotion, and criticism, as in 「猛烈な勢い」, 「猛烈に働く」, 「猛烈な暑さ」, 「猛烈な批判」. A word harder and more bookish than 「激しい」, frequently appearing in both the adjectival-noun form 「猛烈な」 and the adverbial form 「猛烈に」. Used in situations emphasizing the extremity of degree.
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N2, N3燃えるもえる
For fire to catch and flames to rise. Example: 「紙が燃える」 (paper burns). Also used to mean feelings rising, as in 「やる気に燃える」 (burning with motivation). 「燃える」 is used when something is burning, while 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets it alight: compare 「紙が燃える」 with 「紙を燃やす」.
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N3目的もくてき
purpose. The thing one is aiming to accomplish. Example: 「旅行の目的」 (the purpose of a trip).
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N2黙認もくにん
To overlook something without reproach, even while knowing it is not good.
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N3目標もくひょう
goal. A point one aims to reach. Example: 「今月の目標」 (this month's goal). While 「目的」 tends to refer to the ultimate thing one wants to accomplish, 「目標」 often refers to the concrete point to reach toward that end.
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N5木曜日もくようび
Thursday. One day of the week. The day after Wednesday.
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N2模索もさく
To search and seek by feeling one's way, without a clear method. 「模」 means to feel and search by touch, 「索」 means a rope or clue, together giving the original meaning of "searching for a clue by feeling one's way." Used for tasks where the answer is not fixed, exploring a direction through trial and error, as in 「解決策を模索する」, 「新たな道を模索する」, 「可能性を模索する」. A bookish, hard word, frequently appearing in contexts expressing prolonged exploration or a process of trying multiple options.
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N3文字もじ
A symbol used to write down language, such as hiragana, kanji, or the alphabet. Example: 「大きな文字」 (large characters/letters).
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N5もしもしもしもし
A word said when making a phone call, or when calling out to someone.
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N2もたらすもたらす
To bring about or cause a certain result or state; also, to bring something along.
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N2, N3, N5持つもつ
Hold. Grasping something with the hand. 「かばんを持つ」(hold a bag).
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N5もっともっと
more. A state where the degree of something is greater than now.
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N3戻すもどす
To return something to its original place or state. Example: 「本を棚に戻す」 (to put a book back on the shelf). 「戻す」 is used when a person puts someone or something back, while 「戻る」 is used when one goes back oneself: compare 「本を棚に戻す」 with 「家に戻る」.
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N3求めるもとめる
To want something and wish for it. To try to obtain it. Example: 「助けを求める」 (to ask for help). Also used to mean trying to find something out, as in 「答えを求める」 (to seek an answer).
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N3もともともともと
originally. From the beginning, originally. Example: 「もともと丈夫な体だ」 (originally a sturdy body). Written with the kanji 「元々」.
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N3, N4戻るもどる
To return to the place or state one was originally in.
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N5物もの
thing. Something visible that has a physical form.
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N3物語ものがたり
story. A coherent tale told about people or events. Example: 「昔から伝わる物語」 (a story passed down from long ago).
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N2模範もはん
A good example that others should follow.
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N4木綿もめん
Thread or cloth made from the cotton plant.
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N2, N3燃やすもやす
To set fire to something so that it burns. Example: 「落ち葉を燃やす」 (to burn fallen leaves). Also used to mean intensifying one's feelings, as in 「闘志を燃やす」 (to fire up one's fighting spirit). 「燃やす」 is used when a person sets something alight, while 「燃える」 is used when something is burning: compare 「紙を燃やす」 with 「紙が燃える」.
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N2, N3模様もよう
pattern. A drawing or arrangement of colors on the surface of an object. Example: 「花の模様」 (a floral pattern). Also used to mean a general state or condition, as in 「空模様」 (the look of the sky/weather).
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N1, N2催すもよおす
To gather people and hold an event or meeting; also, to give rise to a certain feeling or state within oneself.
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N4貰うもらう
To receive something from a person.
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N4森もり
A wide area with many trees growing. Larger than a 「林」 (grove/copse).
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N5門もん
gate. A large door at the entrance of a house or building.
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N2, N3文句もんく
complaint. Words of dissatisfaction. Example: 「文句を言う」 (to complain). Also has the meaning of wording or a set phrase, as in song lyrics or fixed expressions.
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N4, N5問題もんだい
problem. Something that requires an answer to be given.