warning. To give strong advance notice so a dangerous thing does not happen. Example: 「警告を受ける」 (to receive a warning), 「警告を無視する」 (to ignore a warning).
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N4経済けいざい
economy. The system by which goods and money are created and moved.
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N4警察けいさつ
police. A place, and the people, whose job is to protect the safety of a town and prevent wrongdoing.
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N3芸術げいじゅつ
art. An activity that expresses beauty, such as painting, music, and literature. Example: 「芸術作品」 (a work of art), 「芸術家」 (an artist).
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N3契約けいやく
contract. To formally exchange a promise related to buying and selling, lending and borrowing, etc. Example: 「契約を結ぶ」 (to conclude a contract), 「契約書」 (a contract document).
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N3経由けいゆ
To pass through a certain place on the way to a destination. Example: 「香港経由でベトナムへ行く」 (to go to Vietnam via Hong Kong), 「経由地」 (a stopover point).
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N3経歴けいれき
The history of a person's past study or work.
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N3劇げき
drama. Something presented on a stage where actors play roles to tell a story. Example: 「劇を見る」 (to watch a play), 「学芸会で劇をする」 (to perform a play at a school event).
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N3劇場げきじょう
theater. A building for showing plays, movies, etc. Often refers to a building with a stage, more so than 「映画館」 (movie theater).
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N4景色けしき
scenery. The surrounding sights that can be seen, such as mountains or the sea.
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N4消しゴムけしごむ
eraser. A tool for erasing writing made with a pencil.
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N4下宿げしゅく
lodging. To pay money to rent a room in someone's house and live there.
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N3化粧けしょう
makeup. To apply powder and rouge, etc., to make one's face look beautiful. Example: 「化粧をする」 (to put on makeup), 「化粧品」 (cosmetics).
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N3けちけち
Being stingy with money or things. A person who is like that. Example: 「けちな人」 (a stingy person). There is also the expression 「けちをつける」 (to deliberately point out a flaw).
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N3結果けっか
result. The final state that occurs because a certain thing was the cause. Example: 「試験の結果」 (exam results), 「努力の結果」 (the result of effort). The antonym is 「原因」 (cause).
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N3結局けっきょく
After various things happened, in the end. Example: 「結局、行かなかった」 (in the end, I didn't go), 「結局は同じことだ」 (it comes down to the same thing in the end).
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N4決してけっして
Followed by a negative, a word intensifying the feeling of "absolutely." Example: 「決してわすれない」 (I will never forget).
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N3決心けっしん
determination. To firmly resolve in one's mind to do something. Example: 「留学を決心する」 (to resolve to study abroad), 「決心がつかない」 (unable to make up one's mind).
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N3欠席けっせき
absence. Not attending school or a meeting. Example: 「会議を欠席する」 (to be absent from a meeting), 「欠席者」 (an absentee). The antonym is 「出席」 (attendance).
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N3決定けってい
decision. To decide something clearly. For something to be decided. Example: 「方針を決定する」 (to decide on a policy), 「優勝が決定した」 (the championship has been decided). A more formal word than 「決める」.
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N3欠点けってん
fault. A bad point. A shortcoming. Example: 「欠点を直す」 (to fix a fault). The antonym is 「長所」 (a strong point). Nearly the same as 「短所」.
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N3結論けつろん
conclusion. The final summary of a discussion or line of thought. Example: 「結論を出す」 (to reach a conclusion), 「結論から言うと」 (to state the conclusion first).
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N3煙けむり
smoke. Gray or white gas that comes out when something burns. Example: 「たばこの煙」 (cigarette smoke), 「煙が出る」 (smoke rises).
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N2, N3険しいけわしい
steep. A state in which a mountain or slope's incline is sharp and difficult to climb. Example: 「険しい山道」 (a steep mountain path). Also used to mean a harsh, sharp look, as in 「険しい表情」 (a stern expression).
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N3券けん
ticket. Paper that serves as proof of payment. Example: 「乗車券」 (a train ticket), 「入場券」 (an admission ticket), 「商品券」 (a gift certificate).
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N4原因げんいん
The reason or cause why something happened. Example: 「じこの原因」 (the cause of an accident).
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N4喧嘩けんか
quarrel. To argue or fight with someone. Used for both verbal disputes and physical fighting.
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N4研究けんきゅう
research. To investigate or think deeply about something.
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N4研究室けんきゅうしつ
laboratory. A room for doing research.
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N2, N3現金げんきん
cash. Money in the form of bills and coins that can be used on the spot. Example: 「現金で払う」 (to pay in cash). There is also the expression 「現金な人」 (a person who quickly changes their attitude based on gain or loss).
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N3言語げんご
language. A system of words that people use to convey their thoughts. Example: 「言語を学ぶ」 (to learn a language), 「プログラミング言語」 (a programming language). A more formal word than 「言葉」.
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N3健康けんこう
health. A state in which the body and mind have nothing wrong and are in good condition. Example: 「健康な体」 (a healthy body), 「健康に気をつける」 (to take care of one's health).
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N3検査けんさ
inspection. To check whether there is something wrong or a mistake. Example: 「健康診断で血液を検査する」 (to test blood at a medical checkup), 「持ち物検査」 (a belongings check).
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N2, N3現在げんざい
present. Now. The current point in time. Example: 「現在の状況」 (the current situation), 「現在も続いている」 (still continuing at present). The antonyms are 「過去」 (past) and 「未来」 (future).
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N3現実げんじつ
reality. The actual state of things as they truly are, right in front of you. Example: 「現実を見る」 (to face reality), 「現実的な計画」 (a realistic plan). The antonyms are 「理想」 (ideal) and 「空想」 (fantasy).
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N3建設けんせつ
construction. To newly build something large such as a building or road. Example: 「ダムを建設する」 (to construct a dam), 「建設会社」 (a construction company). The antonym is 「破壊」 (destruction).
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N3現代げんだい
modern times. The present era. Example: 「現代の若者」 (young people today), 「現代社会」 (modern society). As a historical period, it often refers to the time from after World War II to the present.
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N3建築けんちく
architecture. To build a building. The technique or style of doing so. Example: 「建築家」 (an architect), 「木造建築」 (wooden architecture/construction).
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N2, N3現場げんば
site. The place where something is actually taking place. Example: 「工事現場」 (a construction site), 「事故の現場」 (the scene of an accident). Also used to mean the people actually doing the work, as in 「現場の意見」 (the opinion of those on the ground).
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N4見物けんぶつ
To go see something rare or famous. Example: 「おまつりを見物する」 (to view a festival). The same 「見物」 read as 「みもの」 is a different word referring to something worth seeing, something entertaining to watch.
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N3権利けんり
right. Officially recognized authority, such as by law, allowing one to do something of one's own will. Example: 「権利を守る」 (to protect a right), 「発言する権利」 (the right to speak). The antonym is 「義務」 (obligation).
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N3語ご
A word. It is not used alone as in 「語を覚える」; it is used in combination with other words. Coming first: 「語学」 (language study), 「語順」 (word order), 「語数」 (word count). Coming last: 「単語」 (a vocabulary word), 「外来語」 (a loanword), 「流行語」 (a buzzword), 「熟語」 (a compound word). It is also often attached to the name of a country or region to indicate that language, as in 「日本語」「フランス語」.
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N3恋こい
love. A feeling of strongly liking a particular person and wanting to see them. Example: 「恋をする」 (to fall in love), 「恋に落ちる」 (to fall in love). Places more emphasis on the desire to be with the other person than 「愛」 (love/affection) does.
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N3恋しいこいしい
A strong feeling of wanting to see someone who is far away. 「遠くにいる家族が恋しい」. It is used not only for people but also for places, things, seasons, and other non-human subjects; in that case it expresses longing for and cherishing something that is not at hand and cannot be obtained now. 「故郷が恋しい」「日本の味噌汁が恋しい」「暖かい春が恋しい」.
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N3恋人こいびと
lover. A person that both parties are romantically in love with. Example: 「恋人ができる」 (to get a boyfriend/girlfriend), 「恋人同士」 (a couple).
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N3好意こうい
A feeling of liking someone and wanting to do something good for them. It expresses kindness, as in 「好意で手伝う」「ご好意に甘える」. It also refers to romantic feelings of being drawn to a person, and in the forms 「好意を寄せる」「好意を持つ」 it often means liking someone as a romantic partner. The homophone 「行為」 refers to what a person does and has a completely different meaning, so the two are written differently.
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N3行為こうい
What a person does. Behavior. Example: 「違法行為」 (an illegal act). The homophone 「好意」 is a different word.
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N3幸運こううん
good luck. Being fortunate. Example: 「幸運にめぐまれる」 (to be blessed with good luck), 「幸運を祈る」 (to wish someone good luck). The antonym is 「不運」 (bad luck).
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N3効果こうか
effect. A good result that appears from doing something. Example: 「薬の効果」 (the effect of medicine), 「効果がある」 (to be effective). 「逆効果」 (a counterproductive/opposite effect) is also commonly used.
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N3高価こうか
expensive. Being high in price. Example: 「高価な宝石」 (an expensive jewel). The antonym is 「安価」 (cheap). Written differently from the homophones 「効果」 (effect) and 「硬貨」 (a coin).